Which nerves innervate the visceral pleura?

The visceral pleura, which is the membrane covering the lungs, receives its innervation primarily from sensory autonomic nerves. These nerves are responsible for conveying sensations such as pain, pressure, and other sensory modalities from the internal organs, including the pleura, to the central nervous system.

The visceral pleura does not have a rich supply of sensory fibers; instead, it is mainly innervated by autonomic fibers, which include both sympathetic and parasympathetic components. This autonomic innervation is crucial for reflex actions and the regulation of functions related to the lungs.

Understanding the autonomic nervous system's role in the innervation of visceral structures is important for comprehending how internal organs communicate with the body. The other choices do not pertain to the visceral pleura's innervation; for instance, motor nerves of the arm are associated with limb movements but not with internal organs, while cervical nerves primarily control neck and upper limb functions, and spinal accessory nerves mainly serve muscles related to head movement, neither directly involving the visceral pleura.