What is the main function of type 2 pneumocytes in the alveoli?

Type 2 pneumocytes have a critical role in the lungs, most notably in the production of surfactant. Surfactant is a complex mixture of lipids and proteins that reduces surface tension within the alveoli, preventing their collapse during exhalation and ensuring that the alveoli remain open for efficient gas exchange. By producing surfactant, type 2 pneumocytes maintain the structural integrity of the alveoli, thereby enhancing the overall function of the respiratory system.

The decrease in surface tension also plays a vital role in increasing lung compliance, making it easier for the lungs to expand during inhalation. This function is essential for effective respiration, particularly in infants; a lack of adequate surfactant can lead to respiratory distress syndrome. Understanding this role emphasizes the importance of type 2 pneumocytes in maintaining normal respiratory function and highlights their significance in conditions associated with surfactant deficiency.