What is a critical reason for the surgical removal of lymph nodes during cancer treatment?

The surgical removal of lymph nodes during cancer treatment serves a critical purpose in assessing the extent of cancer spread. Lymph nodes are key components of the immune system and are often the first place cancer cells spread when they break away from the original tumor. By examining the removed lymph nodes, healthcare professionals can determine whether cancer has metastasized beyond the primary tumor site. This information is vital for staging the cancer, which influences treatment decisions and prognosis.

For instance, if cancer is found in the lymph nodes, it may indicate a more aggressive disease that requires additional treatment, such as chemotherapy or radiation, to prevent further spread. On the other hand, if the lymph nodes are free of cancer, it may suggest a better prognosis and a more localized treatment approach. Therefore, the removal and subsequent evaluation of lymph nodes is an essential step in comprehensive cancer care.