What do the ribs articulate with to form the thoracic cage?

The thoracic cage is formed by the ribs articulating with the vertebrae and the sternum. Each rib connects posteriorly to the thoracic vertebrae at the costovertebral joints, allowing for movement and flexibility during respiration. Anteriorly, most ribs attach to the sternum through costal cartilage, which contributes to the overall structure and function of the thoracic cage. This cage protects vital organs such as the heart and lungs while providing attachment points for muscles involved in breathing.

In contrast, the other options do not fully represent the structure of the thoracic cage. The clavicle does not play a role in rib articulation for the thoracic cage, and while it connects to the sternum, it is not part of the rib structure. Additionally, ribs do not articulate solely with each other or with the clavicle. Thus, articulating with both the vertebrae and the sternum is essential for the thoracic cage's integrity and function.